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hello so this little video of a dog uh supposedly\h
being rescued from an oncoming train has got kind\h\h

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of popular it is a fake video and there's a number\h
of ways we can tell it's fake and i'm going to go\h\h

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through them. But you know first of all something\h
uh that's pretty common in fake videos is this\h\h

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ridiculously shaky camera i just look at it kind\h
of wobbling all over the place like i don't know\h\h

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what's supposed to be going on there. But you know\h
the the way the reason is wobbly is the the camera\h\h

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was originally probably done on a tripod so they\h
can composite two shots and then they have to add\h\h

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the wobble later and so it ends up looking like\h
this ridiculously uh weirdly wobble sinusoidal\h\h

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thing. But yeah there's other reasons we can tell\h
it's fake and it kind of all boils down to shadows\h\h

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because this is if we didn't have these shadow\h
clues it would be fairly uh convincing but we do\h\h

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and this is something another person pointed out\h
there was let's see this guy here professor farid\h\h

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did this shadow analysis showing the directions\h
of the shadow it doesn't seem to match up with the\h\h

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guy in the dog now this is actually a little hard\h
to do because there's a a ditch there and so it's\h\h

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you did you're not you're not projected onto flat\h
ground so it's a little difficult to get exactly\h\h

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the same things but there's a much simpler way\h
of doing it actually much simpler way of showing\h\h

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that it's fake now uh the first thing is if we zip\h
back to the start we can see yeah before he does\h\h

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this little cut to zoom in that there's this\h
shadow right here which is the shadow of this\h\h

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uh some lamp over here now this is a shadow here\h
this is a shadow of a rock that's there so this\h\h

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shadow isn't going to move as the sun moves this\h
is a shadow of a lamp and as the sun moves around\h\h

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this will move around so i'm just going to let's\h
see i'll just take a little copy of that area for\h\h

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now and then let's move forward now you'll see\h
he does this little zoom in here he zooms in to\h\h

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see the train coming around the bend but this\h
actually gives him the opportunity to do a cut\h\h

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if he didn't do that zoom you would see the shadow\h
pop now if i zoom in again here you will see\h\h

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that uh this shadow has moved it's moved in this\h
direction it's moved away so this gap between\h\h

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the two is bigger now i can demonstrate that by\h
simply taking the clip i did earlier and create\h\h

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a new file and paste in that clip now i'm going\h
to go back and i'm going to go forward to where\h\h

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the train is coming around the bend and i'm going\h
to do a similar uh clip around there copy that\h\h

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and paste that over the top of this now make the\h
top layer transparent so i can line up the shadow

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now we can see if i flip between these two layers\h
the one with the man we see that the shadow is\h\h

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close to this rock and the one with the train the\h
shadow is much further away and obviously the sun\h\h

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hasn't moved that much in a few seconds so this\h
is two separate shots and that in itself kind\h\h

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of debunks it but we may as well keep going and\h
look at what else is going on here another thing\h\h

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that's very hard to do with shadows is if you\h
have something casting a shadow then something\h\h

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else comes along and obscures that object and\h
the shadow behind it now you've got two shadows\h\h

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and if you're trying to composite the actual\h
guy in you've got to kind of remove his shadow\h\h

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and this doesn't happen here you'll see that when\h
when we get close when the train gets close to him\h\h

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you see he's lying down here and he kind of lifts\h
up his head and you see a shadow underneath so you\h\h

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see this little shadow here of his head as you\h
go up problem is that shadow should not exist\h\h

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because what we have here is a train obscuring\h
everything now if something's casting a shadow and\h\h

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we move something in front of it that obscures\h
the shadow like here i'm moving this uh this\h\h

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cardboard here you'll see there is no shadow under\h
this this model's head so that's yet another way\h\h

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that we can see that there is there's nothing\h
else going on you can also see that in this\h\h

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scene uh we have this shadow here over what looks\h
like a tree or something but when the train comes\h\h

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along it's still there you can see the edge of\h
that shadow there which again shouldn't be there\h\h

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so we shouldn't have any shadow and i duplicate\h
that here with the shadow of a little table\h\h

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when the card comes along no shadow is visible\h
whatsoever no shadow visible here so again that\h\h

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shows that it's uh not actually possible now an\h
interesting thing with this particular setup here\h\h

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i cut this notch in to simulate the gap between\h
the train cars and you'll see when it goes over\h\h

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the guy's head right here you will see that\h
the line does not cut through his head because\h\h

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his head is in a different position in fact it\h
comes over a little bit later and you see that\h\h

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uh in this if you look at this bush over here you\h
kind of see a similar type of effect you see the\h\h

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uh line there but the the bit of the bush that's\h
illuminated pops into at a different angle and\h\h

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you see this uh throughout the the background here\h
you see there's gonna bits of grass pop in and out\h\h

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then when it comes to his head you'll see that\h
the line actually goes straight through his head\h\h

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which it shouldn't actually do\h
it should actually be kind of\h\h

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on one side or the other depending on the angle\h
of the sun and again you can see this shadow here\h\h

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and the shadow is still there so it's\h
fake about uh four different ways\h\h

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it's a a reasonably well done video though\h
another thing you can notice actually is\h\h

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that when you zoom into this area here when\h
the train's kind of getting close you notice\h\h

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everything around here get all kind of fuzzy\h
and blurry and kind of dark before the train\h\h

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even gets there and i think that's just because\h
they had to kind of blur things out because there\h\h

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was so much going on shadows are tricky you want\h
to shoot these these fake things on an overcast\h\h